Music ibn battuta biography pdf

Ibn Battuta was born in Tangier in Between and he journeyed through North Africa and Asia Minor and as far as China. On a separate voyage he crossed the Sahara to the Muslim lands of West Africa. His journeys are estimated to have covered over 75, miles and he is the only medieval traveller known to have visited every Muslim state of the time, besides the 'infidel' countries of Istanbul, Ceylon and China.

The first volume recorded Ibn Battuta's earliest journeys through Tunisia, Egypt, Syria and Arabia.

Volume II continues with his journeys through Persia, Iraq and Arabia, Asia Minor and South Russia with detailed descriptions of the towns on the way and the customs of the inhabitants. Sir Hamilton Gibb's edition comprises four volumes with introduction and full notes.

This first complete and scholarly edition in English has proved essential to orientalists and illuminating to medievalists. The travels are a major source for the political and economic life of large regions of Asia and Africa.

Music ibn battuta biography pdf download Then he visited another saint who lived quite near to Alexandria. Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape "Donate to the archive" User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. He was referring to the street magicians known as Jogis. He also said that rice was sown three times a year.

The observations of this intelligent representative of Islamic culture on almost all the known inhabited world beyond Europe provide fruitful comparisons with the life and geographical knowledge of the West. Translated with revisions and new annotation from the Arabic text edited by C. Defrmery and B.R. Sanguinetti.

Continued from Second Series , with continuous main pagination. Covering southern Persia, Iraq, southern Arabia, East Africa, the Persian Gulf, Asia Minor and South Russia.

Music ibn battuta biography pdf free He was welcomed everywhere since he was a Qadi, a form of High Justice, and Islam had spread quickly throughout those nations, including communities in China. Among other Indian textiles, satin, brocade, muslin, silk, and cotton fabric were in high demand. He visited almost all Muslim countries as well as many neighbouring non-Muslim lands. However, at the king of Morocco's request, Battuta narrated his protracted story to a writing scribe.

Continued in Second Series and , with index in

Volume III ended with Ibn Battuta's appointment by the Sultan of Delhi to accompany an embassy to China.

In Volume IV he describes his journey to the coast where he embarked near Cambay and sailed to Calicut. Here the ships which were to take them to China were wrecked. Ibn Battuta joined the Sultan of Honavar in a temporarily successful attack on Goa, and then went to the Maldives, which had not long been converted to Islam by another North African.

Here he functioned as a judge, married into the ruling elite, and became involved in a plot to bring the islands under the authority of a bloodthirsty Sultan in south India. On the way to join him, Ibn Battuta found himself in Ceylon and took the opportunity to climb Adam's Peak. He abandoned the planned invasion of the Maldives, to which he returned briefly, and the sailed to Bengal to visit an ascetic in Sylhet.

He claims to have visited several countries in south-east Asia, including Sumatra and Java and some which cannot be satisfactorily identified, and arrived at Ch'uan-chou in China.

Music ibn battuta biography pdf A few grave and several minor discrepancies in the chronology of his travels are due more to lapses in his memory than to intentional fabrication. He landed at the great Chinese port Zaytun identified as Quanzhou. We frequently have history in the form of a king's or emperor's reign or the history of a city, its inhabitants, and its architecture, but it is only travellers that give us the birds-eye view and connect all the various places in a single time period. Cosentino, R.

After going to Canton he travelled by a non-existent river to Hang-chou and Beijing. His return to Morocco, during which he witnessed the ravages of the Black Death in Syria and Egypt, and called at Cagliari in a Catalan ship, is described summarily. He made two more journeys, the first to part of Spain still under Muslim rule, which included Gibraltar, Ronda, Malaga and Granada, and the other across the Sahara to the kingdom of Mali on the upper Niger, from which he returned to Fez via Timbuktu, Gao, Air, the Hoggar country and Tuatan.

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