Cornelius vanderbilt net worth

Vanderbilt family

Prominent American family

The Vanderbilt family is an American family who gained prominence during the Gilded Age. Their success began with the shipping and railroad empires of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and the family expanded into various other areas of industry and philanthropy.

Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants went on to build grand mansions on Fifth Avenue in New York City; luxurious "summer cottages" in Newport, Rhode Island; the palatial Biltmore House in Asheville, North Carolina; and various other opulent homes. The family also built Berkshire cottages in the western region of Massachusetts; examples include Elm Court (Lenox and Stockbridge, Massachusetts).

The Vanderbilts were once the wealthiest family in the United States. Cornelius Vanderbilt was the richest American until his death in After that, his son William Henry Vanderbilt acquired his father's fortune, and was the richest American until his death in The Vanderbilts' prominence lasted until the midth century, when the family's 10 great Fifth Avenue mansions were torn down, and most other Vanderbilt houses were sold or turned into museums in what has been referred to as the "Fall of the House of Vanderbilt".[1][2]

Branches of the family are found on the United States East Coast.

Contemporary descendants include American art historian John Wilmerding, journalist Anderson Cooper (son of Gloria Vanderbilt), actor Timothy Olyphant, musician John P. Hammond, screenwriter James Vanderbilt, and the Duke of MarlboroughJames Spencer-Churchill.

History

The progenitor of the Vanderbilt family was Jan Aertszoon or Aertson (–), a Dutch farmer from the village of De Bilt in Utrecht, Netherlands, who emigrated to the Dutch colony of New Netherland as an indentured servant to the Van Kouwenhoven family in [3][4] The name of Jan's village, in the genitive case, was added to the Dutch "van" ("from") to create "Van der Bilt", which evolved into "Vanderbilt" when the English took control of New Amsterdam (now Manhattan).

The family is associated with the Dutch patrician Van der Bilt.[5] His great-great-great-grandson, Cornelius Vanderbilt, began the rise of the Vanderbilt dynasty. He was the fourth of nine children born into a Staten Island family of modest means. Through his paternal great-great grandmother, Abigail Southard, he descends from Republic of Salé President Jan Janszoon and his son Anthony Janszoon van Salee.

They were among the earliest arrivals to 17th-century New Amsterdam. In a number of documents dating back to that period, Anthony is described as tawny,[6] as his mother was of Berber origin from Cartagena in the Kingdom of Murcia.[7][8] Cornelius Vanderbilt left school at age 11 and went on to build a shipping and railroad empire that, during the 19th century, would make him one of the wealthiest men in the world.

Starting with a single boat, he grew his fleet until he was competing with Robert Fulton for dominance of the New York waterways, his energy and eagerness earning him the nickname "Commodore", a United States Navy title for a captain of a small task force.

Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams sisters James H. Craig, Francis Collection. Additional Ransom correspondence can be found in the Donald Davidson Papers. Sue Daniel Kirtland Green , an associate of Margaret Sanger, operated the first birth control clinic in Tennessee at 21st Avenue, South, Nashville, Tennessee, from to about

Fulton's company had established a monopoly on trade in and out of New York Harbor. Vanderbilt, based in New Jersey at the time, flouted the law, steaming in and out of the harbor under a flag that read, "New Jersey Must Be Free!" He also hired the attorney Daniel Webster to argue his case before the United States Supreme Court; Vanderbilt won, thereby establishing an early precedent for the United States' first laws of interstate commerce.

While many Vanderbilt family members had joined the Episcopal Church,[9][10][11]Cornelius Vanderbilt remained a member of the Moravian Church to his death.[12][13] The Vanderbilt family lived on Staten Island until the mids, when the Commodore built a house on Washington Place (in what is now Greenwich Village).

Although he always occupied a relatively modest home, members of his family would use their wealth to build magnificent mansions. Shortly before his death in , Vanderbilt donated US$1 million (equivalent to $29&#;million in ) for the establishment of Vanderbilt University in Nashville.

The Commodore left the majority of his enormous fortune to his eldest son, William Henry Vanderbilt.

William Henry, who outlived his father by just eight years, increased the profitability of his father's holdings, increased the reach of the New York Central Railroad, and doubled the Vanderbilt wealth. He was the only heir to increase the Vanderbilt fortune.[14] He built the first of what would become many grand Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue, at Fifth Avenue.

William Henry appointed his first son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, as the next "Head of House".

Cornelius II built the largest private home in New York, at 1 West 57th Street, containing approximately rooms, designed by George B. Post. He also built The Breakers in Newport, Rhode Island.

Cornelius II's brother, William Kissam Vanderbilt, also featured prominently in the family's affairs.

Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams syndrome August 31, World War II service [ edit ]. This collection contains 15 items. He started a Little Theater and began performing plays in a movie house near the Belcourt Theater in Hillsboro Village.

He also built a home on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the great architectural patrons of the Gilded Age, hiring the architects for (the third, and surviving) Grand Central Terminal. He also built Marble House at Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island.

George Washington Vanderbilt II, the 4th and youngest son of William Henry Vanderbilt and youngest brother of Cornelius II, hired architect Richard Morris Hunt and landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to construct Biltmore Estate on , acres (51,&#;ha) near Asheville, North Carolina.

The room mansion, with ,&#;sq&#;ft (16,&#;m2) of floor space, is the largest house in the United States.

While some of Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants gained fame in business, others achieved prominence in other ways:

  • Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (–), was a passenger on the RMS Lusitania and died when it sank.
  • Alfred's eldest son, from his first marriage, William Henry Vanderbilt III was Governor of Rhode Island.
  • Alfred's second son Alfred Jr.

    became a noted horse breeder and racing elder.

  • William Kissam Vanderbilt's son Harold Stirling Vanderbilt (–) gained fame as a sportsman. He invented the contract form of bridge and won the most coveted prize in yacht racing, the America's Cup, on three occasions.
  • Harold's brother William Kissam "Willie K" Vanderbilt II launched the Vanderbilt Cup for auto racing.
  • Cornelius Vanderbilt II's granddaughter Gloria Vanderbilt (–) was a noted artist, designer, actress, author, and business woman.
  • Gloria's son, Anderson Cooper, is a Peabody Award and Emmy Award-winning journalist, author, and television producer and personality.
  • Cornelius Vanderbilt II's daughter Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney was a sculptor, art patron and collector, and founder of the Whitney Museum of American Art.

In , Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt donated 45 acres (18&#;ha) of property to the Moravian Church and Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York.

Later, his son William Henry Vanderbilt donated a further 4 acres (&#;ha). The Vanderbilt Family Mausoleum was designed in by architectRichard Morris Hunt and landscaped by Frederick Law Olmsted.

Vanderbilt family tree

Cornelius Vanderbilt and his descendants (by year of birth)

  1. Cornelius Vanderbilt (–), 1st generation
  2. William Henry Vanderbilt (–), 2nd generation, son of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  3. Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt (–), 2nd generation, son of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  4. Cornelius Vanderbilt II (–), 3rd generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  5. Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt (–), 3rd generation, granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  6. William Kissam Vanderbilt (–), 3rd generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  7. Emily Thorn Vanderbilt (–), 3rd generation, granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  8. William Knapp Thorn (–), 3rd generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  9. Florence Adele Vanderbilt (–), 3rd generation, granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  10. Frederick William Vanderbilt (–), 3rd generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  11. Eliza "Lila" Osgood Vanderbilt (–), 3rd generation, granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  12. George Washington Vanderbilt II (–), 3rd generation, grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  13. Cornelius Vanderbilt III (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  14. Emily Vanderbilt Sloane (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  15. Alice Louise Vanderbilt Shepard (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  16. Gertrude Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  17. Elliott Fitch Shepard Jr.

    (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt

  18. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  19. Consuelo Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  20. William Kissam Vanderbilt II (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  21. Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  22. James Watson Webb II (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  23. Harold Stirling Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  24. Gladys Moore Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  25. Flora Payne Whitney (–), 5th generation, great-great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  26. John Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  27. Cornelius Vanderbilt IV (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  28. William Douglas Burden (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  29. Lord Ivor Spencer-Churchill (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  30. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  31. Muriel Vanderbilt (–), 5th generation, great-great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  32. Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt (–), 4th generation, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  33. Governor William Henry Vanderbilt III (–)
  34. Mary Cathleen Vanderbilt (–)
  35. Frederick Vanderbilt Field (–)
  36. William Armistead Moale Burden II (–)
  37. Shirley Carter Burden (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  38. John Henry Hammond Jr.

    (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt

  39. Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr. (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  40. George Washington Vanderbilt III (–), 5th generation, great-great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  41. James Watson Webb III (–)
  42. Sir Richard Thorn Pease, 3rd Baronet (–)
  43. Whitney Tower (–)
  44. Gloria Laura Vanderbilt (–)
  45. George Henry Vanderbilt Cecil (–)
  46. John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough (–), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  47. William Amherst Vanderbilt Cecil (–)
  48. Flora Miller Biddle (born )
  49. Lady Rosemary Spencer-Churchill (born )
  50. Christopher Denys Stormont Finch-Hatton, 16th Earl of Winchilsea (–), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  51. John Wilmerding (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  52. Shirley Carter Burden Jr.

    (–), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)

  53. John Paul Hammond (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  54. Kenneth Peter Lyle Mackay, 4th Earl of Inchcape (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  55. Heidi Vanderbilt (–), 6th generation
  56. Alfred Gywnne Vanderbilt III, 6th generation
  57. Jonathan Edward Pease (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  58. John LeBoutillier (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  59. Sage Sohier (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  60. Charles James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  61. Sir Richard Peter Pease, 4th Baronet (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  62. Lady Henrietta Mary Spencer-Churchill (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  63. Nichola Pease (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  64. William Douglas Burden III (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  65. Anderson Hays Cooper (born ), 6th generation (3 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  66. Daniel Finch-Hatton, 17th Earl of Winchilsea (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  67. Timothy David Olyphant (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  68. James Platten Vanderbilt (born ), 7th generation (4 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)
  69. George John Godolphin Spencer-Churchill, Marquess of Blandford (born ), 8th generation (5 × great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt)

Other Vanderbilt descendants, but not of Cornelius Vanderbilt

  1. Amy Vanderbilt (–) &#; believed to be a descended from either a brother or a cousin of Cornelius Vanderbilt

Spouses of descendants of Cornelius Vanderbilt (by year of birth)

  1. Horace F.

    Clark (–): 1st husband of Maria Louisa Vanderbilt

  2. Nicholas B. La Bau (–): 1st husband of Mary Alicia Vanderbilt
  3. Elliott Fitch Shepard (–): husband of Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard
  4. Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt (–): 2nd wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt
  5. William Douglas Sloane (–): 1st husband of Emily Thorn Vanderbilt
  6. Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt (–): wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt II
  7. Hamilton McKown Twombly (–): husband of Florence Adele Vanderbilt Twombly
  8. Henry White (–): 2nd husband of Emily Thorn Vanderbilt
  9. William Seward Webb (–): husband of Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt Webb
  10. Alva Belmont (–): 1st wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt
  11. Louise Vanderbilt (–): wife of Frederick William Vanderbilt
  12. Anne Harriman Vanderbilt (–): 2nd wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt
  13. Richard M.

    Tobin (–): 2nd husband of Florence Adele Sloane

  14. William Jay Schieffelin (–): husband of Maria Louise Shepard, eldest daughter of Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard
  15. Jacques Balsan (–): 2nd husband of Consuelo Vanderbilt
  16. Grace Vanderbilt (–): wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt III
  17. James A.

    Burden Jr. (–): 1st husband of Florence Adele Sloane

  18. Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough (–): 1st husband of Consuelo Vanderbilt
  19. Dave Hennen Morris (–): husband of Alice Vanderbilt Morris
  20. Harry Payne Whitney (–): husband of Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney
  21. Edith Stuyvesant Gerry (–): wife of George Washington Vanderbilt II
  22. Virginia Fair Vanderbilt (–): 1st wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt II
  23. George G.

    McMurtry (–): 4th husband of Teresa Sarah Margaret Fabbri

  24. László Széchenyi (–): husband of Gladys Vanderbilt Széchenyi
  25. Ralph Pulitzer (–): 1st husband of Frederica Vanderbilt Webb
  26. Leopold Stokowski (–): 2nd husband of Gloria Vanderbilt
  27. Electra Havemeyer Webb (–): wife of James Watson Webb II
  28. Frederick Osborn (–): husband of Margaret Louisa Schieffelin
  29. John Francis Amherst Cecil (–): 1st husband of Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt
  30. Vivian Francis Bulkeley-Johnson (–): 2nd husband of Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt
  31. Aileen Osborn Webb (–): wife of Vanderbilt Webb
  32. Frederic Cameron Church Jr.

    (–): 1st husband of Muriel Vanderbilt

  33. John J. Emery (–): 2nd husband of Adele Sloane Hammond
  34. Jack Speiden (–): 2nd husband of Rachel Hammond
  35. Arthur Duckworth (–): 1st husband of Alice Frances Hammond
  36. Gertrude Conaway Vanderbilt (–): wife of Harold Stirling Vanderbilt
  37. Marie Norton Harriman (–): 1st wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
  38. Charles Bosanquet (–): husband of Barbara Schieffelin
  39. Earl E.

    T. Smith (–): 1st husband of Consuelo Vanderbilt Earl

  40. Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt (–): 2nd wife of Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt
  41. Dunbar Bostwick (–): husband of Electra Webb
  42. George W. Headley (–): 3rd husband of Barbara Vanderbilt Whitney
  43. Eleanor Searle (–): 3rd wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
  44. Pat DiCicco (–): 1st husband of Gloria Vanderbilt
  45. Benny Goodman (–): 2nd husband of Alice Frances Hammond
  46. Edward P.

    Morgan (–): 2nd husband of Katharine Sage Burden

  47. Christopher Finch-Hatton, 15th Earl of Winchilsea (–): 1st husband of Countess Gladys Széchényi
  48. Edwin F. Russell (–): 1st husband of Lady Sarah Consuelo Spencer-Churchill
  49. Laura Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (–): 2nd wife of John Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke of Marlborough
  50. Louis Auchincloss (–): husband of Adele Burden Lawrence
  51. Kenneth James William Mackay, 3rd Earl of Inchcape (–): 2nd husband of Aline Thorn Pease
  52. Jeanne Lourdes Murray (–): wife of Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt Jr.
  53. Orin Lehman (–): husband of Wendy Vanderbilt
  54. Edwin D.

    Morgan (–): 1st husband of Nancy Marie Whitney

  55. Charles Scribner IV (–): husband of Jeanette "Joan" Kissel Sunderland
  56. Stanley Schachter (–): husband of Sophia Duckworth
  57. Sidney Lumet (–): 3rd husband of Gloria Vanderbilt
  58. Marylou Whitney (–): 4th wife of Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney
  59. Wyatt Emory Cooper (–): 4th husband of Gloria Vanderbilt
  60. Tina Onassis Niarchos (–): 2nd wife of John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough
  61. Mary Lee Ryan (–): wife of William Amherst Vanderbilt Cecil; a first cousin of First Lady of the United StatesJacqueline Kennedy Onassis.
  62. Rosalba Neri (born ): 3rd wife of Henry Cooke Cushing IV
  63. Rosita Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (born ): 3rd wife of John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough
  64. Amanda Burden (born ): 1st wife of Carter Burden
  65. Neil Balfour (born ): 3rd husband of Serena Mary Churchill Russell
  66. James Toback (born ): 1st husband of Consuelo Sarah Churchill Vanderbilt Russell
  67. David Rosengarten (born ): husband of Constance Crimmins Childs
  68. John Silvester Varley (born ): husband of Carolyn Thorn Pease
  69. Crispin Odey (born ): husband of Nichola Pease
  70. Edla Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (born ): 2nd wife of James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke of Marlborough

Network

Associates

The following is a list of figures closely aligned with or subordinate to the Vanderbilt family.

Businesses

The following is a list of companies in which the Vanderbilt family have held a controlling or otherwise significant interest.

Philanthropy & Miscellaneous Nonprofit Organizations

Buildings, estates & historic sites

See also

References

  1. ^"Review of Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt".

    The New York Times. September 24,

  2. ^Vanderbilt, Arthur T. II (). Fortune's Children: The Fall of the House of Vanderbilt.

    Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams brothers Simon and Schuster. Dutton, Incorporated. The New Yorker. Mahew received a B.

    New York: Morrow. ISBN&#;.

  3. ^Dorothy Kelly MacDowell. Commodore Vanderbilt and his family: a biographical account of the Descendants of Cornelius and Sophia Johnson Vanderbilt. University of Wisconsin
  4. ^Woodard, Colin (September 29, ). "Chapter 6 - The Colonies' first revolt". American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America.

    Penguin. ISBN&#;. Retrieved 13 May

  5. ^"Nederland's Patriciaat: Lijst van geslachten opgenomen in de jaargangen 1 () t/m 91 ()" [List of Dutch patrician families in the Nederland's Patriciaat –/] (PDF) (in Dutch). Archived from the original(PDF) on
  6. ^Dubois, Laurent; Scott, Julius S. (). Origins of the Black Atlantic.

    Routledge. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  7. ^"The Van Salee Family".

    Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams Williamson, P. Additional information on Mr. He died on April 14, in New York. After the war he studied at Manchester University in Manchester, England.

    Frontline. PBS. Retrieved March 29,

  8. ^"Jan Jansen van Haarlem and Anthony Jansen van Salee", Brian A. Smith. Washington D.C.
  9. ^Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (). "The Episcopalians: An American Elite With Roots Going Back To Jamestown". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Retrieved
  10. ^W.

    Williams, Peter (). Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression.

    Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams county: There are also a few scattered older pieces of incoming correspondence, such as a letter from Macmillan rejecting the manuscript which was eventually published as Poems About God. He eventually married a Norwegian woman in his early 20s, and together, they settled on a farm. Special Collections owns approximately manuscript collections on a variety of topics including civil rights, performing arts, astronomy and physics, and others. Retrieved October 15,

    The names of fashionable families who were already Episcopalian, like the Morgans, or those, like the Fricks, who now became so, goes on interminably: Aldrich, Astor, Biddle, Booth, Brown, Du Pont, Firestone, Ford, Gardner, Mellon, Morgan, Procter, the Vanderbilt, Whitney. Episcopalians branches of the Baptist Rockefellers and Jewish Guggenheims even appeared on these family trees.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  11. ^Gress, Stephanie (). Eagle's Nest: The William K. Vanderbilt II Estate. Arcadia Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  12. ^Ingham, John N. Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders, Part 4. p.&#;
  13. ^Kobb, Gustav. Staten Island, Volume 14.

  14. Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams county
  15. Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams family
  16. Cornelius vanderbilt iv biography of williams death

    17. p.&#;

  17. ^Robehmed, Natalie. "The Vanderbilts: How American Royalty Lost Their Crown Jewels". Forbes. Retrieved
  18. ^Nairn, Alasdair (). Engines That Move Markets: Technology Investing from Railroads to the Internet and Beyond. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  19. ^Lam, Katherine ().

    "How Gloria Vanderbilt became a designer jeans pioneer, fashion industry leader". Fox Business. Retrieved

  20. ^Fleming, Mike Jr. (November 18, ). "Phoenix Co-President Bradley Fischer Forms Mythology With Scribes Laeta Kalogridis And James Vanderbilt". Deadline. Retrieved October 15,
  21. ^Nixon, Ron ().

    South Africa's Global Propaganda War. London, U.K.: Pluto Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

  22. ^Tom Miller (March 8, ). "The Margaret Louisa Home - No. 14 East 16th Street". Daytonian in Manhattan.

  23. Cornelius vanderbilt industry
  24. Where was cornelius vanderbilt born
  25. Cornelius vanderbilt children
  26. Cornelius vanderbilt family
  27. How did cornelius vanderbilt make his money

    28. Retrieved 8 April

  28. ^"Emily Vanderbilt Hammond, 95, Dies". The New York Times. p.&#; Retrieved