Joseph louis anne avenol biography sample

Joseph louis anne avenol biography sample format Related genres. During Avenol's leadership, Japan and Germany withdrew from the League. As German forces entered Paris in , Avenol pledged loyalty to the Vichy government and dismissed most League employees, including British staff. Existence and location of originals.

Joseph Avenol

Second Secretary General of the League of Nations

Joseph Louis Anne Marie Charles Avenol (French:[ʒozɛflwianmaʁiʃaʁlavnɔl]; 9 June – 2 September ) was a French diplomat. He served as the second Secretary General of the League of Nations from 3 July to 31 August He was preceded by Sir Eric Drummond of the United Kingdom, who was general secretary between and He was succeeded by the Irish diplomat Seán Lester, who was general secretary between and , when the League dissolved.[1]

League of Nations

Avenol was sent to the League of Nations from the French Treasury Department in to handle the League's finances.

He was under secretary-general in , when Eric Drummond resigned. He became secretary-general because the first secretary-general had been British and there had been a private agreement at Versailles that the next would be French. Avenol was accused of using the League as an extension of the French Foreign Office in its policy of appeasement of Germany and Italy.

Avenol took office shortly after Japan had left the League. Shortly thereafter Germany also left, and Argentina resumed full membership. He worked to prevent action or criticism of those countries in an effort to lure them back to the League.

Joseph louis anne avenol biography sample On August 31, , he resigned as Secretary-General and left Geneva. When the Germans marched into Paris in June , Avenol was reported by his Greek aide, Thanassis Aghnides, to have said, "We must work hand-in-hand with Hitler in order to achieve the unity of Europe and expel England. He worked to prevent action or criticism of those countries in an effort to lure them back to the League. In other projects.

When Italy invaded Ethiopia in , Avenol's main concern was to keep the Italians in the organization, not to protect Ethiopia. In he encouraged Finland to file a complaint so that the League could expel the Soviet Union.

Later Avenol described "a new France, which was to be given a new soul to work in collaboration with Germany and Italy and keep the British out of Europe".

He wrote to Marshal Philippe Pétain to affirm his loyalty to the Vichy government.

Last years and death

In the meantime, he had fired most of the League's staff, including all of the British employees.

Joseph louis anne avenol biography sample pdf Lester managed to keep the League's technical and humanitarian programs in limited operation for the duration of the war. As German forces entered Paris in , Avenol pledged loyalty to the Vichy government and dismissed most League employees, including British staff. Joseph Avenol. Status Completed.

When World War II started on 1 September , Avenol had decided to leave Geneva and the League of Nations for good on 31 August His services were not accepted by the Vichy government, and he was forced to flee back into Switzerland on New Year's Eve to avoid getting arrested by the Germans. He died at his home in Duillier, Switzerland, in , aged

When Seán Lester replaced him as secretary-general, the League had only employees, including guards and janitors, out of its original Lester managed to keep the League's technical and humanitarian programs in limited operation for the duration of the war.

In he turned over the League's assets and functions to the newly-established United Nations.

Honours

In , he was created an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

Joseph louis anne avenol biography sample form Conditions governing access Public. Adnan Khairallah. However, his tenure was marked by a series of challenges. In he turned over the League's assets and functions to the newly-established United Nations.

Notes

  1. ^James Barros, Betrayal from Within: Joseph Avenol, Secretary-General of the League of Nations, ().

References

  • Avenol, Joseph. "The Future of the League of Nations." International Affairs (): online
  • Barros, James, Betrayal from Within: Joseph Avenol, Secretary-General of the League of Nations, .

    New Haven, Ct.: Yale University Press, ISBN&#;

  • Marbeau Michel, La Société des Nations. Vers un monde multilatéral&#;: (), Presses Universitaires François Rabelais, mars , p.
  • Marbeau Michel, "Réflexions sur un haut fonctionnaire français devenu Secrétaire général de la Société des Nations", Relations internationales, n°75, automne , pp.

External links